Understanding Skin Cancer — The Abnormal Growth of Skin Cells

 Skin cancer — the abnormal growth of skin cells — is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia. With an increasing number of cases reported each year, it is more important than ever to be informed about the risks, the major types of skin cancer, and the available preventative measures and treatments.

At SunSkin Clinic, we are committed to promoting awareness and early detection through professional screening and advanced skin cancer management.

What Is Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer is the result of uncontrolled and abnormal growth of skin cells, typically caused by damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources such as tanning beds. When the skin's DNA is damaged, these cells can begin to mutate, multiply, and form malignant tumours.

The Major Types of Skin Cancer

There are three major types of skin cancer, each arising from different types of skin cells:

1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

• BCC is the most common but least aggressive form of skin cancer.
  
  

• It originates in the basal cells located in the lower part of the epidermis.
  
  

• Typically appears as a pearly or waxy bump, or flat, flesh-coloured lesion.
  
  

• It rarely spreads (metastasises), but if left untreated, it can cause significant local damage.
  

2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

• SCC arises from the squamous cells in the outer layer of the skin.
  
  

• It often appears as a scaly red patch, open sore, or wart-like growth that may crust or bleed.
  
  

• While more aggressive than BCC, SCC has a relatively low risk of spreading if treated early.
  

3. Melanoma

• Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer and develops from the pigment-producing melanocytes.
  
  

• It can occur anywhere on the body, even in areas not commonly exposed to the sun.
  
  

• Early detection is crucial as melanoma can spread rapidly to other parts of the body.
  

What Causes Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer is primarily caused by UV radiation exposure, but several other factors can increase your risk:

• Sunburns and repeated sun exposure without protection
  
  

• Tanning beds and lamps
  
  

• Fair skin, light hair and eyes (more susceptible to UV damage)
  
  

• Family or personal history of skin cancer
  
  

• Weakened immune system
  
  

• Presence of moles or abnormal skin lesions
  Signs and Symptoms to Watch For

Detecting skin cancer early can significantly improve outcomes. Here are some common warning signs:

• Changes in an existing mole’s size, shape or colour
  
  

• New growths or sores that do not heal
  
  

• Spots that itch, bleed, or become scaly
  
  

• Pigmented patches with irregular borders
  
  

• Red, scaly, or crusted areas that persist over time
  

Use the ABCDE rule for mole evaluation:

• A – Asymmetry
  
  

• B – Border irregularity
  
  

• C – Colour variation
  
  

• D – Diameter over 6mm
  
  

• E – Evolving shape, size or symptoms
  

How Is Skin Cancer Diagnosed?

Early diagnosis is the key to effective treatment. At SunSkin Clinic, we provide comprehensive skin checks and mole mapping to help identify any suspicious lesions. Our diagnosis process includes:

• Visual skin examination using dermatoscopes
  
  

• Digital total body photography for monitoring changes over time
  
  

• Skin biopsies to confirm any diagnosis of cancer
  

Regular checks are advised, especially for those in high-risk groups.

Treatment Options for Skin Cancer

Once diagnosed, the course of treatment depends on the type and stage of the cancer. Common treatment methods include:

1. Surgical Excision

• The most common treatment for BCC, SCC, and early melanoma
  
  

• Involves removing the tumour along with a margin of healthy skin
  

2. Mohs Micrographic Surgery

• A precise surgical method for removing skin cancer with minimal healthy tissue loss
  
  

• Especially effective for facial or high-risk cancers
  

3. Cryotherapy

• Freezing the cancer cells with liquid nitrogen
  
  

• Typically used for pre-cancerous lesions or very early skin cancers
  

4. Topical Treatments

• Prescription creams like imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil may be used for superficial skin cancers
  

5. Radiation Therapy or Chemotherapy

• Reserved for more advanced cases or when surgery is not feasible
  

Prevention: Protecting Your Skin

Prevention is always better than cure. To reduce your risk of developing skin cancer:

• Wear broad-spectrum sunscreen daily, SPF 30 or higher
  
  

• Avoid peak sun exposure (10am–4pm)
  
  

• Wear protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses
  
  

• Seek shade when outdoors
  
  

• Avoid tanning beds and sun lamps
  
  

• Get regular skin checks, especially if you have risk factors
  
  

Why Early Detection Matters

Studies show that the survival rate for early-detected melanoma is over 95%, compared to far lower survival in advanced stages. Skin cancer — the abnormal growth of skin cells — can be effectively treated when caught early.

At SunSkin Clinic, we emphasise education, prevention, and early intervention through our expert skin cancer services.

Trust SunSkin Clinic for Expert Skin Care

Our team of skin cancer specialists is highly experienced in diagnosing and managing all major types of skin cancer. Whether you’re looking for a routine check-up or specialised treatment, we’re here to help.

We are conveniently located in:

📍 Keysborough – Call us at 03 9329 3300
📍 Box Hill – Call us at 03 8352 4200

🖥️ Book your appointment online at: https://sunskinclinic.com.au/appointments

Conclusion

Skin cancer — the abnormal growth of skin cells — is a serious yet largely preventable condition. Understanding the major types of skin cancer, recognising the warning signs, and committing to regular skin checks can save lives. With Australia having one of the highest skin cancer rates globally, awareness and early action are crucial.

Let SunSkin Clinic be your partner in skin health — because every check could make a difference.